外观
Linux 安装与优化
以 Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS 为例
安装Linux
下载
Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS镜像：下载地址
安装
参考：《ubuntu server 22.04.2 LTS安装流程》
基础优化
sh
#关闭 cloud-init 的网络配置功能
echo "network: {config: disabled}" > /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
# 安装基本网络工具
apt update && apt install iputils-ping ntpdate -y
# 时间配置
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
sudo ntpdate pool.ntp.org配置 apt 软件仓库源：修改文件/etc/apt/sources.list
sh
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse参考资料：清华大学Ubuntu软件仓库
基础命令
查看版本
sh
root@ubuntu22:/home# cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=22.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=jammy
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 22.04.5 LTS"系统服务
sh
# 列出所有正在运行的系统服务
systemctl list-units --type=service --state=running
# 查看所有服务的状态
systemctl list-units --type=service --all
# 查看某服务的日志，-u 选项用于指定服务名称，-b 选项表示只显示当前启动会话
journalctl -u sshd -b日志
sh
# 查看全部日志
journalctl
# 查看实时日志
journalctl -f
# 查看今日日志
journalctl --since today
# 查看特定优先级以上的日志
journalctl -p priority
# 查看特定服务日志
journalctl -u service_name深度优化
将下面脚本保存为ubuntu_optimization.sh，上传到Ubuntu Server 22.04 服务器，然后运行：bash ubuntu_optimization.sh
sh
#!/bin/bash
# 关闭系统自动更新
echo "正在关闭系统自动更新..."
sudo systemctl stop apt-daily.service apt-daily.timer apt-daily-upgrade.service apt-daily-upgrade.timer
sudo systemctl disable apt-daily.service apt-daily.timer apt-daily-upgrade.service apt-daily-upgrade.timer
# 关闭防火墙
echo "正在关闭防火墙..."
sudo ufw disable
# 优化系统参数
echo "正在优化系统参数..."
sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf <<EOF
# 提高 TCP 缓冲区大小
net.core.rmem_max = 16777216
net.core.wmem_max = 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216
net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216
# 增加文件描述符限制
fs.file-max = 1000000
EOF
sudo sysctl -p
# 关闭 cloud-init 的网络配置功能
echo "正在关闭 cloud-init 的网络配置功能..."
echo "network: {config: disabled}" | sudo tee /etc/cloud/cloud.cfg.d/99-disable-network-config.cfg
# 设定时区，这里假设设定为亚洲上海时区
echo "正在设定时区..."
sudo timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Shanghai
# 修改 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件
echo "正在修改 /etc/apt/sources.list 文件..."
sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list << 'EOF'
# 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
# deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted universe multiverse
# 预发布软件源，不建议启用
# deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
# # deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu/ jammy-proposed main restricted universe multiverse
EOF
# 禁用不必要的服务
echo "正在禁用不必要的服务..."
services=("cups")
for service in "${services[@]}"; do
sudo systemctl disable "$service"
sudo systemctl stop "$service"
done
# 安装网络工具
echo "正在安装网络工具..."
sudo apt update && sudo apt install iputils-ping -y
echo "优化完成！"